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Sir John Charnley FRS〔 (29 August 1911 – 5 August 1982) was a British orthopaedic surgeon. He pioneered the hip replacement operation, which is now one of the most common operations both in the UK and elsewhere in the world, and created the "Wrightington centre for hip surgery". He also demonstrated the fundamental importance of bony compression in operations to arthrodese (fuse) joints, in particular the knee, ankle and shoulder. Charnley also influenced generations of orthopaedic surgeons through his textbook on conservative fracture treatment 〔The closed treatment of common fractures. John Charnley. Churchill Livingstone. Third edition. Edinburgh and London 1974. ISBN 0-443-00119-7〕 which was first published in 1950. ==Early life== John Charnley was born in Bury, in Lancashire, on 29 August 1911.〔Waugh,W." John Charnley: The Man and the Hip".: p. 1.〕 His father, Arthur Walker Charnley, was a chemist and had a chemist's shop at 25 Princess Street; his mother, Lily, had trained as a nurse at Crumpsall Hospital. He also had a younger sister, Mary Clare. John went to the Bury Grammar Junior School in 1919, moving on to the Senior school in 1922. He had a scientific aptitude and was encouraged to study chemistry and physics.〔Waugh,W." John Charnley: The Man and the Hip".: p. 4.〕 In the autumn of 1929 he gained admission to the Medical School of the Victoria University of Manchester, from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery and Bachelor of Science (Anatomy and Physiology) in 1935.〔Waugh,W." John Charnley: The Man and the Hip".: p. 9.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Charnley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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